Study of oral manifestations of hyperparathyroidism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58342/ghalibMj.V.2.I.1.4Keywords:
Oral manifestations, hyperparathyroidism, calcium and phosphorusAbstract
Background: Parathyroid hormone is crucial for regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, which significantly impacts bone and tooth mineralization. Disorders of the parathyroid gland can result in either excessive or insufficient hormone secretion, leading to various oral symptoms. Common oral manifestations in patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) include brown tumors, reduced bone density, calcification of soft tissues, and dental anomalies. Dentists can often identify parathyroid disorders due to their distinct oral symptoms and radiographic features. Managing dental care for patients with HPT is risky, particularly concerning bone fractures, making it essential for dentists to be aware of potential challenges.
Objective: To assess the oral manifestations and changes associated with hyperparathyroidism.
Methods: This review article was compiled using resources like PubMed and Google Scholar. After reviewing several publications, articles primarily published after 2000 were selected for analysis.
Results: In primary hyperparathyroidism, the most frequent oral manifestations include loss of the lamina dura, reduced mandibular cortical density, brown tumors, giant cell lesions, and mandibular tori. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is associated with Sagliker syndrome, widespread bone demineralization, maxillary hyperplasia, Hyperostosis Cranialis, progressive enlargement of facial bones, cortical bone loss, soft tissue calcification, and abnormal occlusion. Tertiary hyperparathyroidism typically presents with multiple brown tumors in both the upper and lower jaws.
Conclusion: Regardless of the type of hyperparathyroidism, common oral manifestations include the loss of the lamina dura, reduced mandibular cortical density, brown tumors, giant cell lesions, mandibular tori, Sagliker syndrome, generalized bone demineralization, maxillary hyperplasia, Hyperostosis Cranialis, facial bone enlargement, cortical bone loss, soft tissue calcification, and abnormal occlusion.
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