Investigation of Bladder Neck Sclerosis Following Open and Closed Prostate Removal Surgeries

Abstract

Background:  To alleviate obstructive and irritative symptoms of the prostate, various methods of prostate removal operations exist, including invasive, semi-invasive, and minimally invasive approaches. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we have specifically examined one complication: bladder neck sclerosis.

Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional, descriptive, and clinical investigation. It included all patients who underwent open surgery due to complications of BPH. The variables examined in this study included age, education, occupation, addiction, history of urinary tract infection (cystitis), neurogenic bladder, pelvic trauma, posterior urethral rupture, prostatitis, and gonococcal infection.

The study was conducted over two years, from April 1, 2013, to August 28, 2015, and included 826 cases. Participants were categorized into different age groups: 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–79.

Patients who underwent TURP were found across all age groups. The main variables studied included age, male gender, Afghan ethnicity, occupation, addiction, and smoking status.

Results: This study was performed over two consecutive years at Herat Regional Hospital and some private hospitals in this city. It involved 826 patients aged between 40 and 90 years who underwent open prostate removal surgery. Among these patients, 1-3% developed bladder neck sclerosis post-operation. The leading causes of this condition were incorrect surgical techniques, bladder inflammation due to infection, and exposure of industrial workers to carcinogenic materials.

Conclusion: In prostate removal surgeries, the selection of an appropriate method, the correct use of surgical techniques, and the prevention of infections can help reduce the incidence of bladder neck sclerosis.